El papel de la Veterinaria Militar en brotes epidémicos a tenor de la COVID-19 / The role of the Military Veterinary corps in epidemic outbreaks, according to covid19

La salud humana y la sanidad animal están entrelazadas y vinculadas a los ecosistemas. La gran mayoría de las enfermedades emergentes tienen un origen animal, donde un microorganismo entra en contacto con el hombre a través de una o varias especies animales al compartir o modificar un ecosistema dado. La forma de vida globalizada por el transporte internacional puede provocar además que un brote de enfermedad se convierta en una epidemia o en una pandemia como ha sido el caso de la COVID-19. El enfoque transversal que aporta la filosofía One Health de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) resulta vital para hacer frente a las amenazas biológicas que acechan a la sociedad. El papel de la Veterinaria Militar, en la prevención y control de los brotes epidémicos dentro los equipos sanitarios militares multidisciplinares, aporta una visión amplia y experimentada para hacer frente a los retos que se plantean en aquellas situaciones epidemiológicas donde el entorno de la seguridad nacional pueda estar comprometido

Human and animal health are intertwined and linked to ecosystems. The vast majority of emerging diseases have an animal origin, where a microorganism comes into contact with man through one or more animal species by sharing or modifying a given ecosystem. The way of life globalized by international transport can also cause an outbreak of disease to become an epidemic or a pandemic, as has been the case of COVID-19. The transversal approach provided by the One Health philosophy of the World Health Organization (WHO) is vital to face the biological threats that lie in wait for society. The role of the Military Veterinary in the prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks within multidisciplinary military health teams provides a broad and experienced vision to face the challenges that arise in those epidemiological situations where the national security environment may be compromised

Impact of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Policies and Procedures on Combined Medical Operations: Food and Water Safety and Veterinary Support.

Effective multilateral military operations such as those conducted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) require close cooperation and standardization between member nations to ensure interoperability. Failure to standardize policies, procedures, and doctrine prior to the commencement of military operations will result in critical interoperability gaps, which jeopardize the health of NATO forces and mission success. To prevent these gaps from occurring, US forces must be actively involved with NATO standardization efforts such as the Committee of the Chiefs of Medical Services to ensure US interests are properly represented when NATO standards are developed and US doctrine and procedures will meet the established NATO requirements.

Role of Human Health Care Providers and Medical Treatment Facilities in Military Working Dog Care and Accessibility Difficulties with Military Working Dog Blood Products.

The use of military working dogs (MWDs) in support of military operations has increased dramatically over recent years, as they have proven to be our most reliable deterrent to improvised explosive devices. Healthcare delivery for MWDs in combat presents unique challenges and requires extensive collaboration between veterinarians and human health care providers (HCPs). A successful example is the incorporation of MWD emergency care for nonveterinary HCPs into the Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guidelines, which has proven to be a helpful product. Additional challenges that need further solutions include MWDs as patients in human medical treatment facilities (MTFs) and the procurement of appropriate canine blood components in an operational environment. It is often necessary for MWDs to be treated as patients in human MTFs, however, there is no Department of Defense guidance to support this activity. Access to MWD blood products is limited to collection of fresh whole blood in the operational setting. Similar to humans, specific blood component therapy, such as fresh frozen plasma, is often indicated for sick or injured MWDs. Currently there is no formal system in place to deliver any blood products for MWDs or to facilitate collection in theater.

US veterinary support to standardization of food and water safety and animal care and use within NATO.

NATO requires all standardization agreements and Al-lied Medical Publications to be reviewed at least once every 3 years to ensure they reflect current technologies and national military policies and procedures. This is particularly applicable with regard to veterinary medi-cine and food and water safety where advances in scientific knowledge and practices may result in documents quickly becoming obsolete. Such is the case with the 8 standardization agreements for which the FWSVS has responsibility; all are currently undergoing major revisions. With each revision, national representatives, including US veterinary and preventive medicine personnel, must review the documents to ensure there are no significant issues which would prevent ratification and implementation. This improves standardization and enhances interoperability between NATO partners to minimize duplication. This is accomplished by leveraging other national military capabilities, while maintaining confidence that the food, water, and veterinary support provided to their Warriors, support personnel, and animals in the field is safe and high in quality. Adherence to such standards is a major factor in maintaining the operational readiness of all alliance armed forces.

The role of the US Army Veterinary Corps in military family pet health.

Even though privately-owned pet care is a lower priority mission than military working dog care, food inspection,and the public health mission, it is still very important,and the one that many Veterinary Corps officers, civil-ian veterinarians, and technicians enjoy the most. The vast majority of veterinarians and technicians went into veterinary medicine because of a love for animals. It is fulfilling to offer guidance to a client with a new puppy or kitten, see a sick pet improve after treatment, and interact with dozens of animals and clients in a day. The services provided by the Army Veterinary Corps in car-ing for pets has expanded over the years and the standard of care has improved as well. It is truly a privilege to serve those who dedicate themselves to the protection of our Nation. The Army Veterinary Corps is indeed proud to provide care to the pets of Warfighters of the Army,Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard; their family members; and our military retirees.

Challenges to military working dog management and care in the Kuwait theater of operation.

In a combat environment, troop safety and installation security are paramount. Documentation of the frequent use of explosive devices by insurgents in Southwest Asia has increased the need for augmentation of defensive capabilities. Military working dogs (MWDs) are trained and certified to perform missions supporting security and detection of explosives. Challenges arise in theater because the number of certified dogs available can be limited and the standards of housing and care that are available in the continental United States are not usually available in a combat theater. Planning, preparation, and training of MWD handlers,animal care specialists, and Veterinary Corps officers will maximize mission performance and MWD health. Some of th echallenges and needs associated with management and care of the MWDs in the Kuwait theater of operation are discussed. Suggested improvements to the current deployment readiness paradigm are offered from the perspective of a staff veterinarian who was deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2004.

The US Army Veterinary Corps: a model for professional career development with a public health and global perspective.

The US Army Veterinary Corps is composed of approximately 420 active-duty and 200 reserve-component veterinary officers, with 40 to 45 new veterinarians joining the active ranks each year. This article briefly summarizes the training that members of the veterinary corps receive in preparation for their diverse range of duties in service to the United States.

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